The adversarial system involves two opposing parties presenting their cases before an impartial decision-maker

In Canada’s legal system, the adversarial process functions as a structured legal debate where each side presents their strongest case. A neutral judge or jury serves as the impartial adjudicator, evaluating evidence and arguments to reach a fair decision.

  • The prosecution/plaintiff presents their case first, including evidence and witnesses
  • The defence/defendant responds with counter-arguments and their own evidence
  • Both sides can cross-examine witnesses and challenge evidence
  • The judge ensures proper legal procedure and rules on objections
  • The final decision is based on the merits of arguments and evidence presented